Poul Henningsen's PH lamps: legendary luminaires

The PH lamps, bearing the initials of their designer, Danish architect and writer Poul Henningsen, are iconic symbols of 20th-century design. These classic lighting pieces are renowned not only for their aesthetic appeal but also for their innovative approach to light diffusion. By exploring the history, design, and cultural impact of PH lamps, we gain insight into why they remain treasured by collectors and design enthusiasts alike.

To mark the 60th anniversary of the PH 5 lamp, originally designed by Poul Henningsen in 1958, the historic publisher of PH lamps, Louis Poulsen, produced a special 2018 edition in copper and brass. This commemorative design highlights the enduring popularity and versatility of Henningsen’s work.

Poul Henningsen: A Pioneer in Lighting Design

Poul Henningsen (1894–1967) was a Danish architect, critic, writer, and designer who played a significant role in Denmark’s cultural life between the wars. His fascination with light was deeply influenced by his mother, an actress who frequently criticized the harsh, direct light of theater spotlights. In 1924, Henningsen began designing lamps for Louis Poulsen, a Danish lighting manufacturer, as part of a competition for the 1925 Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes in Paris. His innovative lamp designs won a gold medal, establishing him as a trailblazer in lighting design.

The Revolutionary Design of PH Lamps

Henningsen’s most remarkable contribution lies in the “System PH” series, characterized by its superimposed shades. First introduced at the Paris World Fair in 1925, this design diffuses light gently and evenly, avoiding direct glare. The shades, often made of opalized glass or metal, are meticulously arranged concentrically. This approach allows the light to be distributed in a way that is both functional and visually pleasing.

Among the iconic models in the series are the PH 4/3 table lamp, designed in brass and lacquered copper (1926–1928), and the PH-1 wall lamp, made of brass and glass in the 1930s. Over the years, the PH lamp has undergone numerous variations, including the celebrated PH Artichoke, PH 5, and PH Snowball. Each version reflects Henningsen’s original philosophy while adapting to advancements in lighting technology and changing aesthetic trends.

The PH Artichoke: A Masterpiece

One of Henningsen’s most iconic creations, the PH Artichoke, debuted in 1958. Inspired by his earlier work on the PH Septima lamp, it features interlocking "leaves" that reflect light while shielding the eye from direct glare. The design not only ensures perfect light diffusion but also serves as a striking sculptural element. The Artichoke lamp, often crafted in copper, became a hallmark of modern design, gracing interiors like the Langelinie Pavilion in Copenhagen.

Cultural and Philosophical Impact

The PH lamp embodies the essence of Scandinavian design—functionality, simplicity, and beauty. Henningsen aimed to create high-quality, accessible designs for everyday people, a principle shared by many of his contemporaries. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, his work encourages reflection on the interaction between light, space, and human well-being. His principles remain relevant today in discussions on ecological lighting and ergonomic living and working environments.

Timeless Appeal

The PH Snowball, another celebrated design, exemplifies Henningsen’s ability to merge organic shapes with practical functionality. Originally created for the Danish Adventist Church in Skodsborg, its snowball-like form adds brilliance to any setting. These lamps, along with countless others designed by Henningsen, demonstrate how thoughtful design transcends time, leaving an indelible mark on modern and contemporary aesthetics.

Henningsen’s work continues to inspire designers and architects worldwide, proving that innovation and simplicity are the cornerstones of enduring design. His legacy is a testament to the profound impact thoughtful lighting can have on both functionality and the human experience.

François Boutard